-
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022A variety of bacteria have evolved the ability to interact with environmental phagocytic predators such as amoebae, which may have facilitated their subsequent...
A variety of bacteria have evolved the ability to interact with environmental phagocytic predators such as amoebae, which may have facilitated their subsequent interactions with phagocytes in animal hosts. Our recent study found that the animal pathogen can evade predation by the common soil amoeba , survive within, and hijack its complex life cycle as a propagation and dissemination vector. However, it is uncertain whether the mechanisms allowing interactions with predatory amoebae are conserved among species, because divergence, evolution, and adaptation to different hosts and ecological niches was accompanied by acquisition and loss of many genes. Here we tested 9 diverse species in three assays representing distinct aspects of their interactions with . Several human and animal pathogens retained the abilities to survive within single-celled amoeba, to inhibit amoebic plaque expansion, and to translocate with amoebae to the fruiting body and disseminate along with the fruiting body. In contrast, these abilities were partly degraded for the bird pathogen , and for the human-restricted species and . Interestingly, a different lineage of only known to infect sheep retained the ability to interact with , demonstrating that these abilities were lost in multiple lineages independently, correlating with niche specialization and recent rapid genome decay apparently mediated by insertion sequences. has been isolated sporadically from diverse human and environmental sources, has acquired insertion sequences, undergone genome decay and has also lost the ability to interact with amoebae, suggesting some specialization to some unknown niche. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified a set of genes that are potentially associated with the ability to interact with . These results suggest that massive gene loss associated with specialization of some species to a closed life cycle in a particular host was repeatedly and independently accompanied by loss of the ability to interact with amoebae in an environmental niche.
Topics: Amoeba; Animals; Bordetella; Bordetella bronchiseptica; Dictyostelium; Genome-Wide Association Study; Sheep
PubMed: 35223538
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.798317 -
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics 2014Rates of infection with Bordetella pertussis, the gram-negative bacterium that causes the respiratory disease called whooping cough or pertussis, have not abated and 16... (Review)
Review
Rates of infection with Bordetella pertussis, the gram-negative bacterium that causes the respiratory disease called whooping cough or pertussis, have not abated and 16 million cases with almost 200,000 deaths are estimated by the WHO to have occurred worldwide in 2008. Despite relatively high vaccination rates, the disease has come back in recent years to afflict people in numbers not seen since the pre-vaccine days. Indeed, pertussis is now recognized as a frequent infection not only in newborn and infants but also in adults. The disease symptoms also can be induced by the non-vaccine-preventable infection with the close species B. parapertussis for which an increasing number of cases have been reported. The epidemiologic situation and current knowledge of the limitations of pertussis vaccine point out the need to design improved vaccines. Several alternative approaches and their challenges are summarized.
Topics: Bordetella parapertussis; Bordetella pertussis; Drug Discovery; Humans; Pertussis Vaccine; Whooping Cough
PubMed: 25424954
DOI: 10.4161/hv.29253 -
The Journal of Antimicrobial... Oct 2022The emergence of macrolide resistance in Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of pertussis, due to mutations in the 23S rRNA gene has been recently recognized....
BACKGROUND
The emergence of macrolide resistance in Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of pertussis, due to mutations in the 23S rRNA gene has been recently recognized. However, resistance mechanisms to macrolides in Bordetella parapertussis and Bordetella holmesii remain unknown.
OBJECTIVES
This study investigated genomic changes induced by in vitro exposure to erythromycin in these three main pathogens responsible for pertussis-like disease.
METHODS
A set of 10 clinical and reference strains of B. pertussis, B. parapertussis and B. holmesii was exposed to erythromycin for 15 weeks or 30 subculture passages. Antibiotic pressure was achieved by growth on the selective media with erythromycin Etest strips or impregnated discs. Genome polymorphisms and transcriptomic profiles were examined by short- and long-read sequencing of passaged isolates.
RESULTS
B. parapertussis and B. holmesii isolates developed significant in vitro resistance to erythromycin (MIC >256 mg/L) within 2 to 7 weeks and at 5 to 12 weeks, respectively. B. pertussis remained phenotypically susceptible to the antibiotic following 15 weeks of exposure, with the MIC between 0.032 to 0.38 mg/L. Genomic analysis revealed that B. holmesii developed resistance due to mutations in the 23S rRNA gene. The resistance mechanism in B. parapertussis was hypothesized as being due to upregulation of an efflux pump mechanism.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings indicate that both B. holmesii and B. parapertussis can be more prone to induced resistance following exposure to treatment with erythromycin than B. pertussis. The surveillance of macrolide resistance in Bordetella isolates recovered from patients with pertussis, especially persistent disease, is warranted.
Topics: Humans; Whooping Cough; Erythromycin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Transcriptome; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Macrolides; Bordetella pertussis; RNA, Ribosomal, 23S; Genomics
PubMed: 35971665
DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkac272 -
Medicine May 2017Whooping cough is traditionally ascribed to Bordetella pertussis; however, Bordetella parapertussis can cause a similar clinical syndrome. This study describes an... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
Whooping cough is traditionally ascribed to Bordetella pertussis; however, Bordetella parapertussis can cause a similar clinical syndrome. This study describes an outbreak of B. parapertussis in Southeastern Minnesota and the United States (US) in 2014. This was a retrospective analysis of Mayo Clinic and Mayo Medical Laboratories patients who tested positive for B. parapertussis from 2012 to 2014. The medical records of Mayo Clinic patients who tested positive in 2014 were reviewed for demographic information, presenting symptoms, disease course, and vaccination history. In Southeast Minnesota, 81% of the 31 patients who tested positive for B. parapertussis in 2014 were found to be positive from October through December. Their mean age was 5.9 years. Five reported "exposure to pertussis." Two pairs of siblings were affected. Patients reported having had symptoms for an average of 2.6 weeks before nasopharyngeal specimen collection for B. parapertussis testing. Cough was the primary symptom reported. Forty percent reported posttussive vomiting, 40% coryza, 32% apnea/sleep disturbance, and 12% sore throat. All were current with pertussis vaccination. Based on the review of national data, an outbreak occurred nationally in the Northeast and Midwest US over the same time period. In 2014, there was an outbreak of B. parapertussis in Southeastern Minnesota and likely other parts of the US. The presenting illness was similar to that of B. pertussis. All patients were vaccinated against pertussis, suggesting that pertussis vaccination is ineffective against B. parapertussis.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azithromycin; Bordetella Infections; Bordetella parapertussis; Child; Child, Preschool; Disease Outbreaks; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Minnesota; Nasopharynx; Pertussis Vaccine; Treatment Failure
PubMed: 28514288
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000006730 -
Open Forum Infectious Diseases Apr 2019Whooping cough's primary etiological agent is . The closely related rarely causes severe disease. Here we report an unusual case of bacteremia caused by , review the...
Whooping cough's primary etiological agent is . The closely related rarely causes severe disease. Here we report an unusual case of bacteremia caused by , review the literature, and characterize the genomic sequence of the bacterial isolate in comparison with isolates from respiratory infections.
PubMed: 30976607
DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofz122 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2020Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is a resurging acute respiratory disease of humans primarily caused by the Gram-negative coccobacilli , and less commonly by the... (Review)
Review
Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is a resurging acute respiratory disease of humans primarily caused by the Gram-negative coccobacilli , and less commonly by the human-adapted lineage of . The ovine-adapted lineage of infects only sheep, while causes chronic and often asymptomatic respiratory infections in a broad range of mammals but rarely in humans. A largely overlapping set of virulence factors inflicts the pathogenicity of these bordetellae. Their genomes also harbor a pathogenicity island, named locus, that encodes components of the type III secretion injectosome, and adjacent locus with the type III regulatory proteins. The Bsc injectosome of bordetellae translocates the cytotoxic BteA effector protein, also referred to as BopC, into the cells of the mammalian hosts. While the role of type III secretion activity in the persistent colonization of the lower respiratory tract by is well recognized, the functionality of the type III secretion injectosome in was overlooked for many years due to the adaptation of laboratory-passaged strains. This review highlights the current knowledge of the type III secretion system in the so-called classical species, comprising , and , and discusses its functional divergence. Comparison with other well-studied bacterial injectosomes, regulation of the type III secretion on the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level, and activities of BteA effector protein and BopN protein, homologous to the type III secretion gatekeepers, are addressed.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Proteins; Bordetella Infections; Bordetella bronchiseptica; Bordetella pertussis; Sheep; Type III Secretion Systems; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 33014891
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00466 -
Clinical Infectious Diseases : An... Aug 2023Carbapenemase-producing (CP) Escherichia coli (CP-Ec) are a global public health threat. We aimed to describe the clinical and molecular epidemiology and outcomes of...
BACKGROUND
Carbapenemase-producing (CP) Escherichia coli (CP-Ec) are a global public health threat. We aimed to describe the clinical and molecular epidemiology and outcomes of patients from several countries with CP-Ec isolates obtained from a prospective cohort.
METHODS
Patients with CP-Ec were enrolled from 26 hospitals in 6 countries. Clinical data were collected, and isolates underwent whole-genome sequencing. Clinical and molecular features and outcomes associated with isolates with or without metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) were compared. The primary outcome was desirability of outcome ranking (DOOR) at 30 days after the index culture.
RESULTS
Of the 114 CP-Ec isolates in Consortium on resistance against carbapenems in Klebsiella and other Enterobacterales-2 (CRACKLE-2), 49 harbored an MBL, most commonly blaNDM-5 (38/49, 78%). Strong regional variations were noted with MBL-Ec predominantly found among patients in China (23/49). Clinically, MBL-Ec were more often from urine sources (49% vs 29%), less often met criteria for infection (39% vs 58%, P = .04), and had lower acuity of illness when compared with non-MBL-Ec. Among patients with infection, the probability of a better DOOR outcome for a randomly selected patient with MBL-Ec as compared with non-MBL-Ec was 62% (95% CI: 48.2-74.3%). Among infected patients, non-MBL-Ec had increased 30-day (26% vs 0%; P = .02) and 90-day (39% vs 0%; P = .001) mortality compared with MBL-Ec.
CONCLUSIONS
Emergence of CP-Ec was observed with important geographic variations. Bacterial characteristics, clinical presentations, and outcomes differed between MBL-Ec and non-MBL-Ec. Mortality was higher among non-MBL isolates, which were more frequently isolated from blood, but these findings may be confounded by regional variations.
Topics: Humans; Prospective Studies; beta-Lactamases; Escherichia coli; Bacterial Proteins; Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 37154071
DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad288 -
Current Microbiology Sep 2022Pertussis also known as whooping cough is a respiratory infection in humans particularly with severe symptoms in infants and usually caused by Bordetella pertussis....
Pertussis also known as whooping cough is a respiratory infection in humans particularly with severe symptoms in infants and usually caused by Bordetella pertussis. However, Bordetella parapertussis can also cause a similar clinical syndrome. During 2012 to 2015, from nasal swabs sent from different provinces to the pertussis reference laboratory of Pasture Institute of Iran for pertussis confirmation, seven B. parapertussis isolates were identified by bacterial culture, biochemical tests, and the presence of IS1001 insertion in the genome. The expression of pertactin (Prn) as one the major virulence factor for bacterial adhesion was investigated using western blot. Moreover, the genomic characteristic of one recently collected isolate, IRBP134, from a seven-month infant was investigated using Illumina NextSeq sequencing protocol. The results revealed the genome with G+C content 65% and genome size 4.7 Mbp. A total of 81 single nucleotide polymorphisms and 13 short insertions and deletions were found in the genome compared to the B. parapertussis 12822 as a reference genome showing ongoing evolutionary changes. A phylogeny relationship of IRBP134 was also investigated using global B. parapertussis available genomes.
Topics: Bordetella parapertussis; Bordetella pertussis; Humans; Infant; Iran; Virulence Factors; Whooping Cough
PubMed: 36088519
DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-03009-x -
Infection and Immunity Feb 1993Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis are closely related species. Both are responsible for outbreaks of whooping cough in humans and produce similar...
Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis are closely related species. Both are responsible for outbreaks of whooping cough in humans and produce similar virulence factors, with the exception of pertussis toxin, specific to B. pertussis. Current pertussis whole-cell vaccine will soon be replaced by acellular vaccines containing major adhesins (filamentous hemagglutinin and pertactin) and major toxin (pertussis toxin). All of these factors are antigens that stimulate a protective immune response in the murine respiratory model and in clinical assays. In the present study, we examined the protective efficacies of these factors, and that of adenylate cyclase-hemolysin, another B. pertussis toxin, against B. parapertussis infection in a murine respiratory model. As expected, pertussis toxin did not protect against B. parapertussis infection, since this bacterium did not express this protein, but the surprising result was that none of the other factors were protective against B. parapertussis infection. Furthermore, B. parapertussis adenylate cyclase-hemolysin, although it protected against B. parapertussis infection, did not protect against B. pertussis infection. Despite a high degree of homology between both B. pertussis and B. parapertussis species, no cross-protection was observed. Our results outline the fact that, as in other gram-negative bacteria, Bordetella surface proteins vary immunologically.
Topics: Adenylate Cyclase Toxin; Adenylyl Cyclases; Adhesins, Bacterial; Animals; Antigens, Bacterial; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; Bacterial Vaccines; Bordetella; Bordetella pertussis; Cross Reactions; Female; Hemagglutinins; Immunization; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Pertussis Toxin; Virulence Factors, Bordetella
PubMed: 8423077
DOI: 10.1128/iai.61.2.486-490.1993 -
In Silico Pharmacology 2021and are Gram-negative, aerobic, and pathogenic bacteria and cause pertussis disease (whooping cough) in humans. Genomic island analysis indicated the presence of an...
Comparative structural analysis of bifunctional methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase/methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase from and : a drug target against pertussis.
and are Gram-negative, aerobic, and pathogenic bacteria and cause pertussis disease (whooping cough) in humans. Genomic island analysis indicated the presence of an important protein bifunctional methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase/methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase (BMD/MC) in both and . BMD/MC is associated with carbon fixation, folate pathway, and microbial metabolism in a diverse environment. Sequence comparison analysis indicates two amino acid variations between BMD/MC of and and this difference reflects a good extent of variation in their 3D model. After refinement, BMD/MC model assessment result shows that 96.77% residue of and 97.49% residues of belong to the favored region of the Ramachandran plot, indicating a good quality model. During structural alignment, chain A of BMD/MC for and shows the RMSD of 0.058 angstroms between 281 pruned atom pairs. Cavity analysis predicts a single cavity with an area (362.723 Å) and volume (216.631 Å) in the BMD/MC of , whereas the area and volume of cavity in is 479.689 Å and 350.982 Å respectively. Several residues in the predicted cavity of both organisms are common with a good extent of variation in their area and volume. The average value of RMSD, RMSF, the radius of gyration, and principal component analysis (eigenvectors) for the BMD/MC model () was found smaller as compared to , which indicates that the model is comparatively better than . MDS analysis suggests that both modeled structures are stable, good quality, and a compact model with a small degree of motions.
PubMed: 33457178
DOI: 10.1007/s40203-020-00069-4